CIRCA - 1866 🇦🇩 - vertical tricolor; blue (hoist-side), yellow (middle) & red, (fly-side, slightly wider than the other bands) + coat of arms centered in the yellow

HISTORY: Originally ruled by Catalonian Counts the 19c bicolor was yellow & red after the Spanish Flag🔍, (Aragon @ the time)

with a blue🔍 band added ~1866 to mark France's new role as co-ruler.

The coat of arms ⛨ was added by 1939, to distinguish from similar flags, such as Romania's🔍.

[The civil flag is the same tricolor but sans CoA]

VEXILLOLOGY:* The tricolors represent the shared co-rule of Andorra.;

• The BLUE Band symbolizing the co-princeship of the president of France

• The YELLOW for the co-princeship of the Bishop of Urgell of Spain &...

• The RED Band drawing from both the Catalonian/ Spanish connection & the tricolor of the French Flag🔍.

  
  

• The QUARTERED SHIELD ⛨ COAT OF ARMS represents Andorra's medieval overlords;

  • the Bishopric of Urgell - a GOLDEN 𓐬 MITRE on RED, (top-left) ⚬ the County of Foix - three RED ▐▐▐  BARS on YELLOW, (top-right)

  • the County of Barcelona - four RED ▐▐▐▐ BARS on YELLOW, (btm-left) ⚬ the Viscountcy of Béarn - two RED BULLS 🐂 on YELLOW (btm-left)

  ....all framed by GOLD - representing sovereignty & divine sanction, (from heraldic tradition as the metal of kingship & heavenly light - underscoring the emperor's role as God's vicar on earth) plus purity (from medieval alchemical traditions linking gold to incorruptible perfection)

  ...With Latin motto VIRTUS UNITA FORTIOR ("United strength is stronger") emphasizing unity under co-princely rule.

   The design is also similar to the Moldovan flag🔍 but the resemblances were not intentional.

* The STUDY of FLAGS; their history, symbolism, usage, and design. From Latin vexillum - referring to a Roman military standard / flag (from velum= cloth/ covering/sail/curtain

[PIE🔍 root weg = to weave / to cover]) + Greek suffix -logia = study]