ARCTIC

- Latin arcticus,  Greek arktikos = of the north; or literally of the Bear [arktos = bear & Ursa Major; (the

region of the north; the Bear constellation being the best-known northern circumpolar constellation)

[from PIE 🔍 root rkto = bear] 

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  ARCTIC CIRCLE = the region above the latitude 66° 34' N, with the NORTH POLE*

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ANTARCTIC & ANTARCTICA-  Latin antarcticus, Greek antarktikos = opposite the North 🔍;

[anti- = opposite + arktikos (see above)]

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   ANTARCTIC CIRCLE = the region below the latitude 66° 30′ S, with the SOUTH POLE*

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    * The end points of Earth's axis of rotation; Old French, from Latin polus = end of an axis + sky, heavens, from Greek

polos = pivot, axis of a sphere, the sky (from PIE  kwol/kwel = turn round, revolve) Once principally in reference to

the celestial sphere & fixed points about which the stars appear to revolve then later to the terrestrial poles.